KNEE PAIN

Knee pain can often be treated at home. You should start to feel better in a few days. Call 111 if the pain is very bad.

Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

1. Arthritis

Osteoarthritis::
- Degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage.
Rheumatoid Arthritis :
- An autoimmune condition causing inflammation of the joint lining.

2. Injuries:

Ligament Injuries:
- Such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
Meniscus Tears:
- Damage to the cartilage that acts as a cushion between the bones of the knee.
Patellar Tendinitis:
- Inflammation of the tendons connecting the kneecap to the shinbone.

3. Bursitis:

Inflammation of the bursae, the small sacs of fluid that cushion the knee joint.

4. Dislocation:

Displacement of the kneecap, often due to trauma or structural abnormalities.

5. Iliotibial Band Syndrome:

Inflammation of the ligament that runs down the outside of the thigh from the hip to the knee.

6. Osgood-Schlatter Disease:

A condition causing pain and swelling below the knee joint, common in adolescents.

7. Gout:

A type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint.

Symptoms

Pain and tenderness around the knee.
Swelling and stiffness
Redness and warmth to the touch.
Weakness or instability.
Popping or crunching noises.
Inability to fully straighten the knee.

Diagnosis

Physical Examination: :
- A doctor will assess the knee for pain, swelling, and range of motion.
X-rays: :
- To detect bone fractures or degenerative joint disease.
MRI or CT Scans:
- To get detailed images of soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
Ultrasound:
- OTo evaluate the condition of the tendons, muscles, and bursae
Arthroscopy:
- A minimally invasive procedure to diagnose and sometimes treat knee joint issues.

Treatment Options

Self-Care and Home Remedies

1 RICE METHOD

Rest:
- Avoid activities that aggravate the pain.
Ice:
- Apply ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling.
Compression::
- Use an elastic bandage to compress the knee and reduce swelling..
Elevation:
- Keep the knee elevated above heart level to reduce swelling

2. Over the Counter Medications

Medications like ibuprofen or paracetamol can help reduce pain and inflammation.

3. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises:

Gentle exercises to maintain flexibility and strengthen the muscles around the knee.

Medical Interventions

1. Physical Therapy:

Tailored exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve flexibility.

2. Medications

Anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, or medications for underlying conditions like arthritis.

3. Assistive Devices:

Using a knee brace or crutches to support the knee and reduce pressure.

4. Surgery

Required for severe cases, such as ACL reconstruction, meniscus repair, or knee replacement.

Lifestyle Changes and Prevention

Maintain a Healthy Weight:
- Reduces stress on the knee joints.
Regular Exercise:
- Low-impact activities like swimming or cycling to keep the knee joints flexible and strong.
Proper Footwear:
- Wear shoes that provide good support and cushioning
Avoid Overuse:
- Modify activities to avoid repetitive stress on the knees.

When to Seek Medical Help

Severe pain or swelling that doesn’t improve with self-care.
Inability to move the knee or bear weight on it.
Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, and fever.
Sudden onset of intense pain or swelling.

Consulting with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plan is essential for effectively managing knee pain.