Knee Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

North Beverley Medical Centre

Pighill Lane
Off Woodall Way
BEVERLEY
HU17 7JY
Telephone: 01482 882546

Medical Emergencies dial 999

Out of Hours:  dial  111

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KNEE  PAIN

Knee pain can often be treated at home. You should start to feel better in a few days. Call 111 if the pain is very bad.

Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

1. Arthritis

  • Osteoarthritis::
    • Degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis :
    • An autoimmune condition causing inflammation of the joint lining.

2. Injuries:

  • Ligament Injuries:
    • Such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
  • Meniscus Tears:
    • Damage to the cartilage that acts as a cushion between the bones of the knee.
  • Patellar Tendinitis:
    • Inflammation of the tendons connecting the kneecap to the shinbone.

3. Bursitis:

  • Inflammation of the bursae, the small sacs of fluid that cushion the knee joint.

4. Dislocation:

  • Displacement of the kneecap, often due to trauma or structural abnormalities.

5. Iliotibial Band Syndrome:

  • Inflammation of the ligament that runs down the outside of the thigh from the hip to the knee.

6. Osgood-Schlatter Disease:

  • A condition causing pain and swelling below the knee joint, common in adolescents.

7. Gout:

  • A type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint.

    Symptoms

    • Pain and tenderness around the knee.
    • Swelling and stiffness
    • Redness and warmth to the touch.
    • Weakness or instability.
    • Popping or crunching noises.
    • Inability to fully straighten the knee.

    Diagnosis

    • Physical Examination: :
      • A doctor will assess the knee for pain, swelling, and range of motion.
    • X-rays: :
      • To detect bone fractures or degenerative joint disease.
    • MRI or CT Scans:
      • To get detailed images of soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
    • Ultrasound: 
      • OTo evaluate the condition of the tendons, muscles, and bursae
    • Arthroscopy:
      • A minimally invasive procedure to diagnose and sometimes treat knee joint issues.

    Treatment Options

    Self-Care and Home Remedies

    1 RICE METHOD

    • Rest:
      • Avoid activities that aggravate the pain.
    • Ice:
      • Apply ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling.
    • Compression::
      • Use an elastic bandage to compress the knee and reduce swelling..
    • Elevation:
      • Keep the knee elevated above heart level to reduce swelling

    2. Over the Counter Medications

    • Medications like ibuprofen or paracetamol can help reduce pain and inflammation.

    3. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises:

    • Gentle exercises to maintain flexibility and strengthen the muscles around the knee.

    Medical Interventions

      1. Physical Therapy:

      • Tailored exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve flexibility.

      2. Medications

      • Anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, or medications for underlying conditions like arthritis.

      3. Assistive Devices:

      • Using a knee brace or crutches to support the knee and reduce pressure.

      4. Surgery

      • Required for severe cases, such as ACL reconstruction, meniscus repair, or knee replacement.

      Lifestyle Changes and Prevention

      • Maintain a Healthy Weight:
        • Reduces stress on the knee joints.
      • Regular Exercise:
        • Low-impact activities like swimming or cycling to keep the knee joints flexible and strong.
      • Proper Footwear:
        • Wear shoes that provide good support and cushioning
      • Avoid Overuse: 
        • Modify activities to avoid repetitive stress on the knees.

        When to Seek Medical Help

        • Severe pain or swelling that doesn’t improve with self-care.
        • Inability to move the knee or bear weight on it.
        • Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, and fever.
        • Sudden onset of intense pain or swelling.

        Consulting with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plan is essential for effectively managing knee pain.